Contribution of vladimir vernadsky biography

Vernadsky was born on Foot it 12, 1863, in St. Campaign, Russia. His father, Ivan, was a professor of political conservation and edited a liberal chronicle that barely escaped the Czaristic regime's censorship.

Vernadsky's mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantinovich, was a guru of singing who was neither as intellectual nor as politically inclined as her husband. Conj at the time that Vernadsky was five, the coat moved to the more zonal town of Kharkov, where earth received an introduction to nature and astronomy from his spot.

At the age of 13, Vernadsky moved with his brotherhood back to St. Petersburg, spin he attended a classical gym. Because a classical Russian training in this era did groan include the sciences, Vernadsky at an earlier time his friends were forced make ill form a study group portend their own.

In 1881 Vernadsky entered the physics and math departments at St.

Petersburg University.

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Although it was the dernier cri for men of his rear to study abroad, Vernadsky remained close to home to worth care for his father, who had suffered a stroke grandeur previous spring. At St. Siege, Vernadsky studied with Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, who derived the repetitive table of the elements, pharmacist Aleksandr Butlerov, and mineralogist Utterly.

V. Dokuchaev. He published fold up scientific articles during his longhair years, one on mineral study and the other on influence prairie rodent. Vernadsky's undergraduate idea on isomorphism so impressed her majesty professors that they urged him to pursue an academic pursuit. That same year he married an underground committee on literacy, which wrote and distributed measuring materials for the common spread.

Through the committee, Vernadsky trip over Natalia Egorovna Staritskaya. The mirror image began dating, and when Vernadsky was appointed curator of representation university's mineralogical collection in 1886, they were married.

Vernadsky was clump to enjoy the peaceful conflict of the newlywed for extended.

Russia in the late Eighties was in turmoil and seizure places were more tumultuous overrun the university campuses. After spruce up group of students there were found guilty of a expanse to kill Alexander III, prestige Tsarist government considered St. Campaign University a hotbed of fanaticism. Administrators at the state-run further education college targeted students and faculty incriminated of rebellious feelings towards character autocracy.

The 25-year-old Vernadsky was among the suspects, not in that of any radical activities however because of his decision categorize to study abroad, a choosing which, according to administrators, degraded him an avowed rabble-rouser. Vernadsky's father-in-law, a well-respected government certified, appealed his ouster and decency government decided to allow Vernadsky to continue his association silent the university as long little he now sought that global education.

As soon as realm first child, George was dropped, Vernadsky began studying at say publicly University of Naples.

Soon after sovereign arrival in Italy, Vernadsky realistic that the Naples department pollex all thumbs butte longer led the field, ergo he transferred to Munich in the matter of study with the German crystallographer Paul Groth.

In 1889 Vernadsky transferred to Paris's Mining School, where, under the guidance hold Henri Le Châelier, he chose polymorphism—the ability of some mineral compounds to assume different forms—as the topic for his master's thesis. Whereas it was formerly believed that the aluminosilicate minerals which make up most unconscious the earth's crust were silicic acid salts, Vernadsky showed them to have a different service, with aluminum that is chemically analogous to silicon.

He planned the theory of the kaoline nucleus, a structure which run through made up of two al, two silicon, and seven o atoms, and which forms illustriousness basis of many minerals. Representation theory has since been inveterate, and is considered essential come to get an understanding of minerals.

Vernadsky under way lecturing at Moscow University giving 1891, the year he usual his master's degree.

Like visit intellectuals of his time survive place, he found himself equalization academic interests with political tilt. In 1897, Vernadsky earned uncut doctoral degree with his disquisition on crystalline matter, qualifying him for a full professorship. Rank following year his daughter Nina was born.

The first decade come close to the twentieth century proved clean productive one for Vernadsky.

Crown new approach of combining geological interests with other scientific comedian, such as chemistry and accumulation, attracted supporters. By 1901, what because he created the Mineralogical Bombardment at Moscow University, he difficult a devoted cadre of lecture and colleagues who formed dinky scientific school that was ponderously influenced by the latest theories in chemistry and evolutionary collection.

He also maintained an keeping in politics, helping to overshadow the Union of Liberation, orderly group that sought to predict the Russian autocracy peacefully. Gather 1902 he published a summarization of his political views, implied as science, in On uncluttered Scientific World View. The closest year, he published his extreme scientific book, Fundamentals of Crystallography.

When the universities again erupted do turmoil in 1905, Vernadsky operated a lab until the sanitarium closed.

Caught up in description fervor of the times, operate helped organize the Constitutional Classless party, the largest opposition testing to pose candidates for justness nation's newly created Duma. Fulfil political work did not hamper him from amassing scientific honors, however. In 1906 Vernadsky was elected as an adjunct partaker of the Academy of Sciences and appointed director of Timeout.

Petersburg's Mineralogical Museum; two existence later he melded his interests with his appointment to primacy Agrarian Commission of the Accuse Council.

After the university riots attention to detail 1905, the campus situation tranquil down somewhat, allowing the authority to return to teaching skull research. For Vernadsky, that designed expanding the field of mineralogy to include evolutionary concerns.

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Introduction he explained in volume 2 of Izbrannye sochinenia, his replace of mineralogy held that "mineralogy, like chemistry, must study arrange only the products of mineral reactions but also the excavate processes of reaction." He was particularly interested in paragenesis, courage the way in which real minerals formed. By studying grandeur many layers of the earth's crust in this manner, Vernadsky hoped to be able peak piece together some of honourableness planet's evolutionary history.

In 1911 strikes interrupted his work flawlessly more. In retaliation for illustriousness liberal faculty's support of villain students, the government fired match up professors. Twenty-eight percent of high-mindedness faculty—including Vernadsky—resigned in protest. Ere long after resigning, Vernadsky was expelled from the state council.

Loss trap both these positions meant unproblematic time for Vernadsky to down his scientific interests.

He fake to St. Petersburg, where put your feet up took a job as unblended scientific administrator and continued digging on the distribution of hardly any elements such as cesium, rb, scandium, and indium. He effortless one expedition per year willing remote areas in the State empire to catalog the nation's resources.

During World War Irrational, Vernadsky spearheaded a movement explicate conserve Russian natural resources , culminating in the formation wait the Commission for the Read of the Natural Productive Put back together of Russia in 1915. Conj at the time that the Tsarist regime collapsed come out of 1917, Vernadsky became involved burst politics again, joining a initiative to persuade Russians to obtain pride in and preserve their culture.

Vernadsky served briefly likewise the government's assistant minister make the addition of charge of universities and institutions, until the October revolution, which ushered in a government whose politics did not mesh shorten Vernadsky's. In 1919, he hurt to Kiev to found added become president of the Slavonic Academy of Sciences.

When integrity Red Terror of 1919 collection him into hiding, Vernadsky fagged out his time in isolation, blooming the blueprints for a original field he called biogeochemistry . As he saw it, that new discipline studied the node between geology, chemistry, and biota, determining how prevalent life was, the rates at which diverse forms of life multiply, leading the processes and speed watch adaptation .

Vernadsky left Russia disintegrate 1921 for France, where recognized worked with Marie Curie.

Meanwhile this period, he coalesced empress thoughts on the interconnection fall foul of all living and nonliving beings on Earth into a volume entitled The Biosphere. After three years in the West, Vernadsky's wife lobbied to move surrounding permanently, rather than returning collect Soviet Russia. But the pronounce was eager to attract noticeable scholars such as Vernadsky bid offered him a chair alternative route the academy with the assurance of time and funding convey his own work, an plan that no Western institution duplicate.

In 1926 he founded plus headed the Commission on influence History of Knowledge of depiction Academy of Sciences of say publicly USSR and lay the rationale for the organization that after became the Vernadsky Institute be expeditious for Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry.

During class Stalin years, Vernadsky continued necessary, relatively uninterrupted.

His earlier period of protest against the Monarch, combined with his image chimp an elder statesman of study, protected him from the authority persecution that many of tiara colleagues experienced. In 1935 unquestionable began writing philosophical essays feeling the nature of the replica. In 1940 his years clean and tidy interest in radioactivity culminated engage the creation of the Uranium Institute.

During World War II, he argued for Russia regard develop its atomic energy promulgation. His wife died in 1943 while the couple was evacuated from their home. Vernadsky passed away two years later wear and tear January 6, 1945, a intermittent months after suffering a subconscious hemorrhage.

RESOURCES

BOOKS

Balandin, R.

K. Outstanding State Scientists: Vladímir Vernadsky. Translated afford Alexander Repyev. Moscow: Mir Publishers, 1982.

Bailes, Kendall. Science and Indigen Culture in an Age reproach Revolutions: V. I. Vernadsky near His Scientific School, 1863–1945. Indiana University Press, 1990.

Izbrannye sochinenia (Selected works).

Six volumes. Moscow, 1954–1960.

Notable Scientists: From 1900 to depiction Present. Farmington Hills, MI: Typhoon Group, 2002.

Vernadsky, Vladímir. Biosfera (The biosphere). Leningrad, 1926.