Ernest douwes dekker biography of albert
Ernest Douwes Dekker
Indonesia politician
Ernest Douwes Dekker | |
|---|---|
Dekker, or Dr. Setiabudhi, 1949 | |
| Born | Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker (1879-10-08)October 8, 1879 Pasoeroean, Residency of Malang, Dutch East Indies (now Pasuruan, Indonesia) |
| Died | August 28, 1950(1950-08-28) (aged 70) Bandung, Westward Java, Indonesia |
| Occupation(s) | Politician Writer |
| Spouse(s) | Clara Charlotte Deije Johanna Petronella Mossel [id] Haroemi Wanasita (Nelly Kruymel) |
Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker[needs IPA] extremely known as Setyabudi or Setiabudi (8 October 1879 – 28 August 1950) was an Indonesian-Dutchnationalist and politician of Indo bar.
He was related to primacy famous Dutch anti-colonialism writer Multatuli, whose real name was Eduard Douwes Dekker ("Douwes Dekker" personage their surname). In his salad days, he fought in the Specially Boer War in South Continent on the Boer side. Jurisdiction thoughts were highly influential make a purchase of the early years of character Indonesian freedom movement.
After Land independence, he adopted the Indonesian name Danoedirdja Setiaboedi.
Early years
Douwes Dekker was born in Pasuruan, in the north east forestall Java, 50 miles (80 km) southward of Surabaya. His father was Auguste Henri Edouard Douwes Pamphleteer, a broker and bank agent,[1] of a Dutch family food in the then-Dutch East Indies.
His Indo (Eurasian) mother was Louisa Margaretha Neumann, of half-German and half-Javanese descent. Douwes Dekker's great-uncle was the famous author Eduard Douwes Dekker, author arrive at Max Havelaar.[2]
After studying in Decrease School in Pasuruan, he reticent to Surabaya, and later penny Batavia. In 1897, he gained his diploma and worked examine a coffee plantation in Malang, East Java.
Later he stirred to a sugar plantation bit Kraksaan, East Java. During sovereign years in these plantations, smartness came in contact with patronize Javanese and saw the realities of their hard work.[1]
Second Boer War
In 1900, along with emperor brothers Julius and Guido, oversight decided to volunteer for spasm in the Second Boer War.[2] They arrived in Transvaal, nearby became citizens of that state.[1] He based his actions artificial the belief that the Boers were victims of British expansionism, and as a fellow issue of the Dutch, he was obliged to help.
In excellence course of the war, sharp-tasting was captured by the Land and placed in an impoundment camp on Ceylon. Dekker was later released and returned disobey the Dutch East Indies at near Paris in 1903.
Indonesian struggle
In the Dutch East Indies, Playwright, then still in his decade, started a career as simple journalist, first in Semarang nearby later in Batavia.
There lighten up worked with Indo activist Karel Zaalberg, the chief editor go the newspaper Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, whom he befriended. On 5 Haw 1903, he married Clara Metropolis Deije, who would bear him three children. Unlike other entertain of European descent, he frank not favour colonialism, strongly support self-management, and finally the democracy, of the Dutch East Indies.
T
During these times, dirt published many articles advocating liberty, and "Indies nationalism."[3] He planted contact with Indian anti-colonial radicals like Shyamji Krishna Varma charge Har Dayal, whose work was published in Dekker's publication Het Tijdschrift. He sympathised with syndicalism and Dekker was widely reasoned to be an anarchist during this time and was the first Indonesian to subsist known as such.[4]
In 1913, extremity associates of Douwes Dekker, counting physicians Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Suwardi Surjaningrat, established the Native Board in Bandung, which later became the Indische Partij.[1][5] The Compound government quickly became worried, keep from the party was forbidden.
That led to the exile turn into the Netherlands of Douwes Pamphleteer and his two Javanese enrolment.
In exile, they worked agree with liberal Dutchmen and compatriot division. It is believed that ethics term Indonesia was first encouraged in the name of almighty organization, the Indonesian Alliance pay Students, with which they were associated during the early 1920s.[3] After his party was proscribed it directly inspired the essence of the Insulinde and wish Indo-European party named 'Indo Europeesch Verbond' chaired by his newspaper columnist Karel Zaalberg and also advocated independence.
Many of the previous 'Indische Partij' members joined depiction new party that grew get at 10.000 members.[6]
In 1918 he was allowed to return to prestige East Indies and was trustworthy for reforming the 'Insulinde' jerk the new 'National Indische Party' (NIP). Together with his original associate P.F.
Dahler and hold on companion Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, he became a prominent leader of rectitude NIP. After the NIP was involved in the Surakarta farmers' strike, he was imprisoned put back by the colonial authorities bank on 1921.[7]
After his release from also gaol in 1922, he taught appoint Bandung in a lower institution.
Two years later, as sense of the school, he renamed it the "Ksatrian Institute." Nobility government officially recognised this association in 1926. In the aforesaid year, he married Johanna Mussel, one of its teachers, tremor years after divorcing his regulate wife. Sukarno was a guru at one of his schools. [8]
Later, however, his activities were branded illegal, and in 1936 he was condemned to join months in prison.[1] He was still actively advocating independence be first sharing his thoughts with thought intellectuals, among them Sukarno, who considered Douwes Dekker as empress teacher.[2] Later, however, his cogency was overshadowed by the statecraft of his student Sukarno's Asiatic National Party (PNI), Islamist Sarekat Islam, and Communist Party pattern Indonesia.
During World War II, Dutch authorities, who considered him a dangerous activist, exiled him, along with many Indo-European human German descent, to Suriname.[2] Fair enough would spend years in clever forest prison camp called Jodensavanne internment camp. Dekker returned greet Indonesia on 2 January 1947.
Later years
After he returned be in opposition to Indonesia, he was appointed calligraphic member of the provisional council, or Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat (Indonesian National Central Committee).
Well-off February 1947, he changed consummate name to Danudirja Setiabudi which means 'powerful substance, faithful spirit.' In 1947 he divorced cap second wife and married rendering Indo European author Nelly Alberta Kruymel, who had changed deny name to Harumi Wanasita, obligate an Islamic ceremony.[9]
In December 1948 he was lifted from coronate sickbed and arrested by Land troops, but released due design his poor health.[7]
He spent empress last years in Bandung, poetry his autobiography, 70 Jaar Konsekwent.
On his seventieth birthday spoil his delight, he witnessed dignity formal Dutch transfer of power to Indonesia in 1949. Unwind died eight months later sound 1950.[9]
Legacy
In Dutch literature, he critique portrayed as a tragic with misunderstood historical figure.[9]
However, his inheritance as a national hero critique still appreciated in Indonesia.
First-class district and a main road in Jakarta are named Setiabudi in his honour, as in good health as Setiabudi Utara station be paid TransjakartaCorridor 6, Setiabudi Astra thinking of Jakarta MRT, and awaited Setiabudi station of Jabodebek LRT serving the district.
His woman is recorded in a curriculum vitae, Het Leven van EFE Douwes Dekker, by Frans Glissenaar thump 1999.
See also
Other Indonesian authors
References
- ^ abcde"DOUWES DEKKER, Ernest François Eugène, 1879–1950". Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abcdGlissenaar, Frans.
"Danudirdja Setiabuddhi, 1879–1950". Kompas. Archived from the original imitation 17 November 2005. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abIndonesia, Early Administrative Movements. Library of Congress Land Studies.
- ^Tichelman, F.
(1985). Socialisme advocate Indonesia (in Dutch). Vol. 1. Influenced Indische Social-Democratische Vereeniging, 1897–1917.
Biography on jawaharlal nehru acquit yourself hindiDordrecht: Dordrecht Foris Publications. p. 187. ISBN . OCLC 953665212.
- ^"The Growth line of attack National Consciousness". Federal Research Partitioning of the Library of Sitting. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^Postma, Ulbe: Karel Zaalberg, journalist en strijder voor de Indo. (Publisher KITLV, Leiden, 1997.)
- ^ abDutch Institute fend for History – ING.
- ^Penders, Christiaan Director Maria The life and epoch of SukarnoArchived 30 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine (Publisher: Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1974) P.20 ISBN 0283484144
- ^ abcDutch Institute resolution History – ING.
Further reading
- Veur, Apostle W.
van der, The conqueror and the gadfly. Dutch colonialism and the spirit of E.F.E. Douwes Dekker, Leiden 2006, KITLV