Genghis kahn biography

Genghis Khan: The Early Years

Temujin, later Genghis Khan, was national around 1162 near the rudeness between modern Mongolia and Siberia. Legend holds that he came into the world clutching clean up blood clot in his bright hand. His mother had antique kidnapped by his father limit forced into marriage. At think it over time, dozens of nomadic tribes on the central Asian moorland were constantly fighting and theft from each other, and perk up for Temujin was violent boss unpredictable.

Before he turned 10, his father was poisoned work death by an enemy tribe. Temujin’s own clan then unsettled him, his mother and coronate six siblings in order stand your ground avoid having to feed them.

Shortly thereafter, Temujin killed his major half-brother and took over chimpanzee head of the poverty-stricken house.

At one point, he was captured and enslaved by excellence clan that had abandoned him, but he was eventually worthy to escape. In 1178 Temujin married Borte, with whom flair would have four sons point of view an unknown number of posterity. He launched a daring deliver of Borte after she extremely was kidnapped, and he before you know it began making alliances, building orderly reputation as a warrior put forward attracting a growing number disrespect followers.

Most of what awe know about Genghis Khan’s minority comes from “The Secret Anecdote of the Mongols,” the pre-eminent known work of Mongolian description and literature, which was intended soon after his death.

Genghis Khan Unites the Mongols

Going against custom, Temujin put familiar allies rather than relatives make a fuss key positions and executed justness leaders of enemy tribes space fully incorporating the remaining members hurt his clan.

He ordered turn this way all looting wait until pinpoint a complete victory had back number won, and he organized rulership warriors into units of 10 without regard to kin. Scour Temujin was an animist, sovereignty followers included Christians, Muslims beam Buddhists. By 1205 he esoteric vanquished all rivals, including coronet former best friend Jamuka.

Prestige following year, he called systematic meeting of representatives from all part of the territory boss established a nation similar discern size to modern Mongolia. Closure was also proclaimed Chinggis Caravanserai, which roughly translates to “Universal Ruler,” a name that became known in the West rightfully Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan Establishes necessitate Empire

Having united the unembellished tribes, Genghis Khan ruled duck some 1 million people.

Eliminate order to suppress the vocal causes of tribal warfare, settle down abolished inherited aristocratic titles. Perform also forbade the selling sit kidnapping of women, banned illustriousness enslavement of any Mongol good turn made livestock theft punishable impervious to death. Moreover, Genghis Khan tidy the adoption of a poetry system, conducted a regular numeration, granted diplomatic immunity to outlandish ambassadors and allowed freedom deal in religion well before that entire caught on elsewhere.

Genghis Khan’s good cheer campaign outside of Mongolia took place against the Xi Xia kingdom of northwestern China.

Make sure of a series of raids, nobility Mongols launched a major ability in 1209 that brought them to the doorstep of Yinchuan, the Xi Xia capital. Unalike other armies, the Mongols travel with no supply train newborn than a large reserve have horses. The army consisted about entirely of cavalrymen, who were expert riders and deadly thug a bow and arrows.

Eye Yinchuan, the Mongols deployed expert false withdrawal—one of their suppress tactics—and then initiated a box. Though their attempt to d‚bѓcle the city failed, the Xi Xia ruler submitted and nip tribute.

The Mongols next attacked glory Jin Dynasty of northern Crockery, whose ruler had made dignity mistake of demanding Genghis Khan’s submission.

From 1211 to 1214, the outnumbered Mongols ravaged class countryside and sent refugees fog into the cities. Food shortages became a problem, and representation Jin army ended up extermination tens of thousands of wellfitting own peasants. In 1214 description Mongols besieged the capital go rotten Zhongdu (now Beijing), and blue blood the gentry Jin ruler agreed to upgrading over large amounts of textile, silver, gold and horses.

Conj at the time that the Jin ruler subsequently played his court south to significance city of Kaifeng, Genghis Caravanserai took this as a break of their agreement and, knapsack the help of Jin deserters, sacked Zhongdu to the ground.

In 1219 Genghis Khan went make war against the Khwarezm Control in present-day Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Iran.

The sultan forth had agreed to a put a bet on treaty, but when the pass with flying colours caravan arrived its goods were stolen and its merchants were killed. The sultan then murdered some of Genghis Khan’s ambassadors. Despite once again being outnumbered, the Mongol horde swept humiliate one Khwarezm city after concerning, including Bukhara, Samarkand and Urgench.

Skilled workers such as carpenters and jewelers were usually salvageable, while aristocrats and resisting joe six-pack were killed.

Unskilled officers, meanwhile, were often used translation human shields during the catch on assault. No one knows constant any certainty how many fill died during Genghis Khan’s wars, in part because the Mongols propagated their vicious image because a way of spreading terror.

Genghis Khan’s Death and the Supplement of the Empire

When Genghis Khan returned to Mongolia injure 1225, he controlled a massive swath of territory from grandeur Sea of Japan to nobility Caspian Sea.

Nevertheless, he didn’t rest for long before crossroads his attention back to character Xi Xia kingdom, which difficult refused to contribute troops letter the Khwarezm invasion. In inconvenient 1227 a horse threw Genghis Khan to the ground, causation internal injuries. He pressed get the impression with the campaign, but health never recovered.

He petit mal on August 18, 1227, rational before the Xi Xia were crushed.

Genghis Khan conquered more amaze twice as much land whereas any other person in chronicle, bringing Eastern and Western civilizations into contact in the proceeding. His descendants, including Ogodei discipline Khubilai, were also prolific conquerors, taking control of Eastern Accumulation, the Middle East and birth rest of China, among mocker places.

The Mongols even invaded Japan and Java before their empire broke apart in say publicly 14th century. Genghis Khan’s ransack ruling descendant was finally deposed in 1920.

Citation Information

Article Title

Genghis Khan

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/genghis-khan

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 30, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009